Everything about Leonard Helm totally explained
Leonard Helm was born around 1720 probably in
Fauquier County, Virginia. He died in poverty while fighting Native American allies of
British troops during one of the last engagements of the
Revolutionary War around
June 4,
1782 in
Jefferson County, Virginia (now
Kentucky).
Helm was commissioned a captain and asked to raise and lead a company of Virginians by the newly promoted Lieutenant Colonel
George Rogers Clark. On
January 2,
1778, Governor
Patrick Henry gave Clark the authority to raise a regiment and secret orders to attack British forces and their allies on Virginia's frontier. Leonard Helm, who had served with Clark during
Dunmore's War and had spent a lot of time in Kentucky, was given command of one of the initial four companies created to form this regiment. Captain Helm recruited soldiers from the Virginia militia from both Prince William and Fauquier Counties. Clark's unit was later known as the
Illinois Regiment and participated in the
Northwest Campaign.
Clark and his men captured
Kaskaskia, Illinois on
July 4,
1778 and
Cahokia, Illinois July 6,
1778. During the capture of Kaskaskia, Clark split his force, commanding one half himself with Captain Helm commanding the other. A series of relatively peaceful conqests took place, with Helm reaching as far as
Fort Ouiatenon.
Vincennes decided to support the Americans at the urging of
Father Gibault, and Captain Helm was sent to command
Fort Sackville, which was virtually unmanned. Captain Helm was put in command of Fort Sackville (renamed Fort Patrick Henry) with a group of local French speaking militiamen and four soldiers from Virginia. He requested and received support from the local
Piankeshaw tribe, especially the chief known as
Young Tobacco.
The British later retook the fort on
17 December 1778, after Helm's local militia had deserted and he'd too few men to attempt resistance. Knowing that the British didn't fully understand his tactical situation he demanded and received favorable terms of surrender.
Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton was later shocked to find only three people within the fort but honored his agreement. When Colonel Clark heard about the surrender several weeks later, he and his force made a bold march through icy winter weather and laid siege to Fort Sackville. Captain Helm was inside Fort Sackville as a prisoner during the siege, and Clark notes in his memoir that he "amused himself very much during the siege, and, I believe, did much damage."
Helm came with the British party to the
24 February negotiations to end the siege, and tried to negotiate Clark's harsh terms of surrender. Clark countered that Helm couldn't negotiate because he was a British prisoner, at which point Hamilton released Helm. Whether he meant to reinforce his hardline negotiations or reprimand Helm for his impropriety in seemingly negotiating for Hamilton, Clark refused to receive the captain, and informed Helm that he must return to Fort Sackville and "await his fate." Hamilton surrendered
25 February 1779, and Fort Sackville was renamed Fort Patrick Henry.
On
5 March 1779, Helm led a small force of 3 boats and 50 men up the
Wabash River from Vincennes and captured a fleet of 7 boats, 40 prisoners (among whom, Clark notes in a letter to
George Mason, was '
Dejeane, Grand Judge of
Detroit'), supplies, and trade goods that was sent to reinforce Hamilton at Fort Sackville. The battle occurred just West of Pointe Coupee, Indiana, and is locally referred to as the western most naval battle of the American Revolution, despite the account of the capture in George Rogers Clark's memoir:
March 5th, Captain Helm, Majors Bosseron and Legras, returned from their journey up the river with great success. They came up with the enemy in the night, discerning their fires at a distance; waited until all was quiet; surrounded and took the whole prisoners, without the firing of a gun. Those (British) gentlemen were off their guard, and so little apprehensive of an enemy in that part of the world that they could hardly persuade themselves that what they saw and heard was real. This was a valuable (prize) seven boats loaded with provisions and goods to a considerable amount.
When Clark left Vincennes for Kaskaskia on
20 March, he again appointed Captain Helm as commandant of the town, as well as Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Clark later appointed Helm as commander of the fort in present day
Louisville, Kentucky. Captain Helm was killed while serving as the commander of this fort. Many years later his heirs received 4,666 acres (19 km²) of land from Virginia for his service in the Illinois Regiment.
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